![]() ![]() The bite is typically painless and only lasts 15-30 minutes, making it harder to detect. Soft ticks’ life cycle lasts from months to years depending on the species. Nymphal soft ticks may go through as many as seven phases as nymphs, requiring a blood meal at each stage. Soft ticks (Argasidae), like hard ticks begin as an egg, hatch into a larva, feed and then molt into a nymph. The bite of a hard tick is generally painless, with a feeding process lasting several hours, to days, even weeks. The life cycle of hard ticks lasts one to two years depending on the species. Nymphal hard ticks then seek larger hosts, and after feeding drop off and molt into adults. After feeding it drops to the ground from the host and goes through a molting process, emerging as a nymph. Once the egg hatches a larva emerges that must then find and feed on a small mammal or bird (host). ![]() Hard ticks (Ixodidae) begin as an egg that is laid by an adult female tick. Hard ticks and soft ticks have different life cycles, growing larger and changing their appearance at each stage. Of the 700 species of hard ticks and 200 species of soft ticks found throughout the world, only a few are known to bite and transmit disease to humans. © 2021 The Korean Society of Veterinary Science.There are two families of ticks found in the United States: Ixodidae (hard ticks) and Argasidae (soft ticks). ![]() The findings of this study support the need for future research on the microbial population present in ticks collected from dogs in China.Ĭhina Microbiome dog microbial community tick. Moreover, our preliminary study found that the differences in microbial communities are more dependent on the sampling location than tick sex in the tick specimens collected from dogs. Also, the potentially pathogenic genera Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas were detected in the tick pools. Additionally, some known tick-associated endosymbionts were also detected, including Coxiella, Rickettsia, and Ricketssiella. Among them, dominant taxa include environmental bacterial genera, such as Psychrobacter and Burkholderia. The high, moderate and low prevalent taxa include 46, 101, and 182 genera, respectively. After clustering the sequences into taxonomic units, the sequences were quality-filtered and rarefied.Īfter pooling 24 tick samples, we identified a total of 2,081 operational taxonomic units, which were assigned to 23 phyla and 328 genera, revealing a diverse bacterial community profile. Sequence analysis and taxonomic assignment were performed using QIIME 2 and the GreenGene database, respectively. The Illumina MiSeq platform targeting the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was used to characterize the bacterial communities of the collected ticks. The objective of this study was to investigate the microbial composition and diversity of parasitic ticks of dogs, and assessed the effect of tick sex and geographical region on the bacterial composition in two tick genera collected from dogs in China.Ī total of 178 whole ticks were subjected to a 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) next generation sequencing analysis. To date, there have been relatively few reports on the analysis of the bacterial community structure and diversity in ticks that parasitize dogs. Accordingly, studies are needed to gain a complete understanding of the bacterial composition and diversity of the ticks that parasitize dogs. Also, the increasing number of pet dogs and pet owners in China has caused concern regarding human tick-borne illnesses. ![]() Ticks are one of the most common external parasites in dogs, and are associated with the transmission of a number of major zoonoses, which result in serious harm to human health and even death. ![]()
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